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課程名稱 |
流體力學
FLUID MECHANICS |
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開課學期 |
96-2 |
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授課對象 |
理學院 大氣科學系 |
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授課教師 |
林 和 |
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課號 |
AtmSci2001 |
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課程識別碼 |
209 20100 |
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班次 |
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學分 |
3 |
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全/半年 |
半年 |
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必/選修 |
必修 |
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上課時間 |
星期一5,6,7(12:20~15:10) |
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上課地點 |
大氣B105 |
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備註 |
先修科目:應用數學一(適用本系學士班學生)。
限理學院學生(含輔系、雙修生)
總人數上限：70人 |
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Ceiba 課程網頁 |
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/962daVinci |
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課程簡介影片 |
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核心能力關聯 |
核心能力與課程規劃關聯圖 |
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課程大綱
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為確保您我的權利,請尊重智慧財產權及不得非法影印
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課程概述 |
(1) Continuum Mechanics.
a) History of Fluid Mechanics
b) Why can't we dig a cave in water?
Three building blocks for fluid mechanics;
c) Newton's Law, The Equation of motion (in partial differential form)
c1) Pressure, pressure gradient force, mutual adjustment by the mass and momentum fields.
c2) Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates
d) Conservation of mass (divergence, flux form), continuity equation
e) Thermodynamics, equation of state, first and second law
f) Hydrostatic balance, buoyancy, stratified flow, static stability (Brunt-Vaisala frequency), Marsigli experiment, reduced gravity, potential temperature
g) Simplification; incompressible flows, (shallow water equation), Boussinesq approximation, Navier-Stokes Equation
(2)Wave dynamics
h) Linear system, operator, eigen problem, orthogonal base, linearization
i) Concept of dispersive relationship (Fourier transformation)
j) Shallow water equation, long wave approximation
k) Gravity wave, external and internal gravity waves, adjustment in stratified flow
l) Kelvin wave
m) Group velocity
(3)Vorticity
n) Vortex line, vortex tube, circulation
o) Vorticity equation,
barotropic and baroclinic flow, Jacobian, solenoidal term, twisting and stretching term
p) Potential Vorticity, Ertel’s PV
(4)Turbulence and boundary
q) Scale, statistical approach
r) Filter, Kernal, Convolution
s) Reynold's decomposition
t) Stress, eddy viscosity
u) Similarity, Reynold's number
v) chaos
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課程目標 |
This is an introductory course of fluid dynamics intended for second or third year students in the College of Sciences. The goal is to help students acquire a solid understanding of the basic concepts of fluid dynamics that will be needed for advanced courses in atmospheric science, physical oceanography, and theoretical physics. This course is not keen toward engineering application hence could not be regarded as an alternative for such purpose.
Emphasis is on the basic conservation laws, the mass-momentum adjustment, wave and vorticity dynamics, with a sip of turbulences.
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課程要求 |
Prerequisites. This course presumes an exposure to classical mechanics and partial differential equations and vector calculus, some grasp of thermodynamics. Students who feel that they may be significantly over- or under-prepared should contact the instructor.
Schedule. To be offered in spring. Class to meet on Monday 13:20~16:10, with one or two breaks depending on course rhythm.
Exams and Grading. There will be a mid-term and a final examination. Homework will be assigned every two or three weeks, be a significant factor in the grade (roughly 80% exams; 20% homework and attendance). Homework should be turned in on schedule, and should be done by each class member individually. For help, contact me or the teaching assistant. Note that a 100% attendance is a must unless to be excused by the instructor before the class.
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預期每週課後學習時數 |
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參考書目 |
I have been looking for a suitable treaty for years but to no avail. The
reasons are many, for one, the force associated with gravity has been fallen
out of favor by mainstream physics in which applied aspect of micro-physics
dominates science during the last half-century. A course of fluid mechanics
becomes more tilted toward engineering. Another reason is the formalistic
approach championed by the modern Algebra school put too much emphasis on
abstract derivation, thus alienates learners’ instinct and enthusiasm.
In contrary our subject in this course is rich in empirical experiences.
Fortunately, efforts of previous classes have produced an edition of readable
class notes for your reference.
Upon the recent proliferation of free materials in web I strongly urge you to
search sites like MIT’s free course that a bountiful of excellent class notes
and visual aides are available. I am trying to compile a list and you are
welcome to join my effort of mining information.
Kundu, P. K., and I. M. Cohen.2004 Fluid Mechanics. 3rd ed. New York:
Elsevier Academic Press. (A thorough and generally accurate treatment of fluid
mechanics, with many examples from geophysical flows. This is perhaps the best
single text for an introductory class, though I don't feel comfortable to dive
into tensor too early.) $$$
Secondary References. There are dozens of useful texts on fluid dynamics. A
few of those most likely to be of use and that are available from the
instructor are listed below.
General Fluid Dynamics.
Acheson, D. J., 1990. Elementary Fluid Dynamics. Oxford Univ. Press. (Concise
and elegant treatment of mainly engineering problems, or it could have been
our primary text. Not so elementary, really.)
Faber, T. E., Fluid Dynamics for Physicists. Cambridge Univ. Press. (Much like
Tritton; elegant and insightful, but not many geophysical examples.)
Lin, C. C. and L. A. Segel, 1974. Mathematics Applied to Deterministic
Problems in the Natural Sciences. MacMillan Publishing, New York. (Part C is
devoted to the theory of continuous media, and is a concise, precise,
mathematical treatment of continuum mechanics, a bit more formal than we want
here, but superb as a second, advanced source. Chapters on scale analysis and
simplification procedures are the best I know of.) $$$
Tritton, D. J., 1988. Physical Fluid Dynamics. Oxford Univ. Press. (A
potpourri of fluid phenomenon. Explanations of many specific phenomenons (for
example of the stress tensor or of incompressibility) are very clear and well
illustrated. The organization is not suitable for an introductory text, but
this is a very valuable supplement.) $$$
White, F. M., 1994. Fluid Mechanics. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York. (Quite
engineering yet the mainstream type).
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics.
Cushman-Roisin, B., 1994. Introduction to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Prentice
Hall Inc., Englewood, NJ. (A first rate introduction. Recommended for
purchase, though it is a little pricey on last listing, $80.)
Gill, A. E., 1982. Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press, New York. (A
scholarly, well balanced and extensive introduction to ocean and atmosphere
dynamics. Example problems are motivated by observations, and carried through
to interesting results. Many tables of useful data. Perhaps not the best
introductory textbook, but highly recommended as a supplement to Kundu). $$$
Holton, J.R., 1992, An Introduction to Dynamical Meteorology, 3rd Edition,
Academic Press. ( For Atmospheric or Oceanographic students this is a book you
will buy in next year anyway, why not buy it now? This book, originated from
class notes in MIT Charney's course, is considered a classic. It contains many
atmospheric phenomena and beautifully descriptions of basics). $$$
Pedlosky, J., 1987. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd Ed., Springer Verlag, New
York. (The vintage classic, you'll see this in more advanced courses on GFD).
$$$
Miscellaneous Fluid Dynamics.
Aris, R., 1962. Vectors, Tensors and the Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics.,
Dover Pub., New York. (Some of the opening chapters are very clear and precise
treatments of vector calculus, etc. Good additional reference.)
Schey, H.R. 1973, Div, Grad, Curl and All, Norton., New York. A quick look at
the basic Geometric Calculus. Very intuitive and never dull. It has an OK
Chinese translation by your teacher i.e., me (and my students.)
Tokaty, G. A., 1971. A History and Philosophy of Fluid Mechanics. Dover Pub.,
New York. (Knowing the history can sometimes help you keep things organized.
But this is not the place to begin learning fluid mechanics. It was written by
a Russian aeronautic scientist, undoubtedly his view appears highly skewed.)
Math
Any book by Gilbert Strang will be a symbol of math reform for future, most
notably, Introduction to Applied Mathematics by Wellesley-Cambridge. If you
look for a bible of college math, this is your answer. Strang has mixed
geometric intuition, numerical algorithm, and sheer genius insight that, as I
see it, meets no match in modern textbooks.
The Strang lectures can be found from MIT open course web site (which contains
a generous free copy of Strang’s Calculus online, among other things).
Also, my friend 李國偉 has translated Strang’s Linear Algebra by 天下遠見.
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評量方式
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